Electricity meter

An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.

Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises to measure electric energy delivered to their customers for billing purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour [kWh]. They are usually read once each billing period.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.

History

Direct current (DC)

As commercial use of electric energy spread in the 1880s, it became increasingly important that an electric energy meter, similar to the then existing gas meters, was required to properly bill customers for the cost of energy, instead of billing for a fixed number of lamps per month. Many experimental types of meter were developed. Edison at first worked on a direct current (DC) electromechanical meter with a direct reading register, but instead developed an electrochemical metering system, which used an electrolytic cell to totalise current consumption. At periodic intervals the plates were removed and weighed, and the customer billed. The electrochemical meter was labor-intensive to read and not well received by customers.

Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and electric current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.

In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several types of physics:

Electricity (Elton John song)

"Electricity" is a song composed by Elton John and Lee Hall for the Billy Elliot the Musical.

Reception

It was John's 63rd—and to date last -- UK Top 40 hit, peaking at #4 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was included as a bonus track on the UK re-issue of Elton's album Peachtree Road.

Background

The song is sung by Billy Elliot in the stage production at his audition for a place at The Royal Ballet School in London. Billy is asked "What does it feel like, when you are dancing?" by one of the panel. Billy responds, hesitantly at first, "I really can't explain it... I haven't got the words..." And then (see full lyrics) the music takes hold, and he goes into an energetic song. Describes dancing as "Something that you can't control". After two verses, each with a chorus, Billy leaps into a frenetic dance; in this dance many skills such as acrobatics are used (the rhythm for this section of the instrumental varies from Billy to Billy, depending on each actor's dance strengths). The number concludes with another verse and Billy doing several pirouettes or tumbles. The most notable lyric in this piece is that of the title: 'Electricity sparks inside of me and I'm free, I'm free!" It was inspired by the scene in the film, which it follows closely, in which Billy describing dancing as "Electricity". His passion, shown in his description, is the implied reason for Billy's acceptance into The Royal Ballet School.

Electricity (Suede song)

"Electricity" is the first single from the album Head Music by Suede, released on April 12, 1999 on Nude Records. It reached #5 on the UK Singles Chart.

The band re-emerged with this successful electronic tune after two years away from the public. For the first time, synthesizers are used as a primary part of a song, working in parallel with the distorted guitar as opposed to just providing backgrounds. The single helped guide the band's new direction, as evident in the fact that electronics was also heavily used in Head Music.

"Electricity" is produced by Steve Osborne, "Popstar" and "See That Girl" are produced by Ben Hillier while "Waterloo" is produced by Bruce Lampcov.

The video for the title song was directed by Mike Lipscombe, and is one of the band's few big budget videos.

Reviews to the highly awaited single were mixed. The Mirror rated it 9 out of 10, writing: "Open the windows, whack this on full blast and watch the sparks fly. Rock is in this summer." However, the Daily Record wrote: "Loyal Suede fans have put Brett Anderson's band back in the Top 10, but "Electricity" lacks the energy of previous hits."

Token

Token may refer to:

Currency

Computing

Token Racing

Token Racing was a short-lived Formula One team and constructor from the United Kingdom, participating in four Grands Prix of the 1974 Formula One season.

Token's history began in late 1973 when Rondel Racing, the successful Formula Two team founded by Ron Dennis and Neil Trundle, decided to enter F1. Dennis asked Ray Jessop to design the car, while backing was to come from the French oil company Motul, which had sponsored the team for the previous two years. But when the 1973 oil crisis hit, Motul withdrew, and Dennis was forced to close down the team. The F1 project was subsequently sold to shipbroker Tony Vlassopulo and Lloyd's underwriter Ken Grob, from whose first names the "Token" name was derived, while the car was called the RJ02 in honour of Jessop.

The team made its F1 debut in April 1974 at the non-Championship International Trophy race at Silverstone, with Welshman Tom Pryce at the wheel. Its first Championship race came the following month, at the Belgian Grand Prix, where Pryce qualified 20th but retired at three-quarter distance following a collision with Jody Scheckter's Tyrrell. The team entered the next race at Monaco but was forbidden from taking part on the basis of Pryce's supposed inexperience, prompting the Welshman to move to the Shadow team.

Token (railway signalling)

In railway signalling, a token is a physical object which a locomotive driver is required to have or see before entering onto a particular section of single track. The token is clearly endorsed with the name of the section it belongs to. A token system is used for single lines because of the very much greater risk of serious collision in the event of irregular working by signalmen or traincrews, than on double lines.

Principle

The operation of a bidirectional single track line has obvious problems, the most serious of which is the possibility of two trains traversing the line travelling towards each other, each driver unaware that the other is using the line. The simplest method of controlling such a line is to have only one engine operational, on the basis that a single train cannot collide with itself, and in the absence of another engine, there is nothing else for it to collide with. Such a system is known as "one engine in steam". Such schemes were used, and indeed still are used on some branches of rail networks, and on heritage railways. The main problem with such a scheme is that it is best suited to a completely isolated branch of single track line. Where the section has to be integrated into a larger railway system, it becomes exceptionally limiting in the level of operations that it allows, and the opportunity for a mistake to be made, and an ensuing accident to occur, is high.